SWINE FLU VIRUS – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CURRENT STATUS AT NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL LEVEL – META – ANALYSIS

Abstract

Background: The term "swine flu" is frequently used to describe the respiratory viral infections brought on by the H1N1 influenza a virus strain. Influenza a outbreaks occur almost every year, with varying degrees of severity. The aim of this study is to review the spread of current strains of swine flu viruses. Methods: This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were searched on PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus using terms related to swine flu, influenza, pandemic 2009 influenza were used. Boolean AND, OR and NOT were used. Results: A total of 28 published studies (2009–2025) from Asia, Europe, and North America were included in this meta-analysis to assess the epidemiology and current global status of Swine Influenza Virus (SIV). Among the included studies, Asia contributed the highest number of reports (n = 15), followed by Europe (n = 7) and North America (n = 6). Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses reported in multiple studies demonstrated that genetic reassortment is a dominant evolutionary mechanism of SIVs. Conclusions: Swine influenza prevention consists of three components: prevention in swine, prevention of transmission to humans, and prevention of spread among humans. To control the pandemic's impact, a variety of control measures such as vaccination, antiviral prophylaxis will be required. Isolation of infected individuals may be useful in the early stages of viral replication into a community.