AUTOPSY BASED EVALUATION OF BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA DEATHS

Abstract

Introduction: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often presenting diagnostic challenges both clinically and at autopsy. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern, organ involvement, and demographic profile of deaths resulting from blunt abdominal trauma through a comprehensive autopsy-based analysis.

Material and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on autopsy cases of blunt abdominal trauma deaths over a three-year period PRM Medical College & Hospital, Baripada and SJ Medical College & Hospital, Puri from January 2023 to December 2025. A total of 150 cases meeting the inclusion criteria were analysed. Data regarding age, sex, manner of injury, organ involvement, associated injuries, and cause of death were collected from autopsy records and police inquest reports. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics.

Result: The majority of victims were males (78.0%) in the age group of 21–40 years (52.0%). Road traffic accidents constituted the most common cause (64.7%). The spleen was the most frequently injured organ (36.0%), followed by the liver (28.7%). Haemoperitoneum was the most common finding at autopsy (72.0%). Associated thoracic injuries were present in 41.3% of cases. Haemorrhagic shock was the leading cause of death (66.0%).

Conclusion: Autopsy evaluation remains the gold standard for establishing the cause and mechanism of death in blunt abdominal trauma cases. The predominance of young males, the leading role of road traffic accidents, and the vulnerability of the spleen and liver highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies and improved emergency trauma care.