CORRELATION OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND SERUM MAGNESIUM WITH URINE ALBUMIN CREATININE RATIO IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Introduction: In India diabetes is the major public health concern. Hypomagnesemia is a major finding seen in multiple studies of poorly controlled diabetes category patients. There is an association between hypomagnesemia and insulin resistance in diabetes patients and metabolic syndrome.  Aim: To evaluate the correlation between serum magnesium levels, HbA1c, and urine ACR in T2DM patients and assess its potential role as a prognostic marker for early diabetic nephropathy detection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 85 patients diagnosed with T2DM at a tertiary care hospital. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), HbA1c, serum magnesium, serum creatinine (S. CR), and urine ACR were measured. Patients were categorized based on serum magnesium levels (normal: >1.8 mg/dL; low: ≤1.8 mg/dL). Glycemic control was classified as good (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%) or poor (HbA1c > 7.5%). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). In mean comparison between more than two groups, ANOVA test was used. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between parameters. Results: There is a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between Urine ACR and HbA1c (r =.300, p = 0.014), and a moderate negative correlation between Urine ACR and magnesium (r = –0.370, p = 0.040) which is statistically significant. A significant association (p < 0.001) exists between HbA1c levels and Urine ACR status - poor glycemic control is linked to higher rates of macro albuminuria, while good diabetes control shows more normal Urine ACR values. Conclusion: In our study 88.2% of participants had poor glycemic control (high HbA1c), Serum magnesium is more prevalent in low category (90.6%) as compared to normal (9.4%), Kidney damage is prevalent - Nearly all participants (97.6%) showed evidence of kidney damage, with macroalbuminuria (63.5%) being more common than microalbuminuria (34.1%). Study reveals the relationship between glycemic control, urinary albumin excretion, and magnesium levels in diabetic patients.