CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATION AND BIOPSY IN HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background: Bone marrow examination, including bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB), is an essential diagnostic tool in the evaluation of hematological disorders. These procedures provide valuable information on marrow morphology, cellularity, and architecture, aiding in the diagnosis of both benign and malignant conditions. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in various hematological disorders in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences from March 2025 to March 2026. Patients with suspected hematological disorders who underwent both BMA and BMB were included. Aspiration smears were stained with Leishman stain, and biopsy specimens were processed using routine histopathological techniques. Clinical details, hematological parameters, and marrow findings were recorded and analyzed statistically using SPSS software. Results: Bone marrow aspiration provided excellent cytological detail and was effective in diagnosing conditions such as leukemias and plasma cell disorders. Bone marrow biopsy was particularly useful in cases with inadequate aspirate, marrow fibrosis, and focal lesions. A significant correlation was observed between BMA and BMB findings, with improved diagnostic accuracy when both techniques were used together. Conclusion: BMA and BMB are complementary procedures that enhance diagnostic precision in hematological disorders. Their combined use is essential for accurate diagnosis, especially in challenging cases, and plays a crucial role in guiding clinical management and prognosis.